As countermeasures, we have discussed some tools that can be useful to get data back from infected machines, besides whom, we used a ransomware simulator in an isolated environment to identify whether the system is vulnerable to a ransomware attack. In this paper, we have discussed some propagation and encryption techniques that are used by different ransomware, so that people could get more familiar with the anatomy of different ransomware. It is a need of time to make awareness of this serious criminal business model. It is quite tough or nearly impossible to get data back after the execution of ransomware. Over the last few decades, ransomware attacks making serious intimidation to different industries and organizations. Ransomware belongs to the family of cryptovirology that is developed to capture or seizure electronic data from the victims' devices for ransom purposes.

This article aims to review the research conducted in various important aspects of cyber threats and provides synthesized information regarding the fundamentals of cyber threats discusses the countermeasures for such threats provides relevant details of high-profile cyber-attacks discusses the developments in global policy-making for cyber laws, and lastly presents promising future directions in this area. A significant amount of research work has been published covering different aspects of cyber threats, their countermeasures, and the policy-making for cyber laws.

A variety of malware programs are often used as a primary weapon in these cyber threats. Cyber threats can be mainly divided into two categories, namely cyber-terrorism and cyber-warfare.

The continuous evolution and proliferation of computer technology and our increasing dependence on computer technology have created a new class of threats: 'cyber threats.' These threats can be defined as activities that can undermine a society's ability to maintain internal or external order while using information technology.

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